---
title: "Mass Producing Training Data with Surprising Side Effects"
source: "arXiv AI/CL/LG（论文）"
source_tier: "t2"
url: "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06324v1"
permalink: "https://feed.astralor.com/items/itm_731512acdcc2631c6bb4aeaa"
published: "2026-11-04T10:57:28.000Z"
score: 58
channel: "ai"
tags: ["LLM","安全","Mass Producing Training","Data","Surprising Side Effects","Training","Underst","Understanding"]
---

# Mass Producing Training Data with Surprising Side Effects

## 速览

Training data can have unexpected side effects on language model behavior outside the training domain: insecure code data can induce broad misalignment, and outdated bird names can induce a 19th-century persona. Underst…

## 关键点

- Training data can have unexpected side effects on language model behavior outside the training domain: insecure code data can induce broad misalignment, and outdated bird names can induce a 19th-century persona.
- Understanding such generalization is hard because only dozens of isolated examples exist, each constructed by hand or discovered by accident.
- We propose automatically discovering such datasets with surprising side effects (DSSEs).

## 全文

Training data can have unexpected side effects on language model behavior outside the training domain: insecure code data can induce broad misalignment, and outdated bird names can induce a 19th-century persona. Understanding such generalization is hard because only dozens of isolated examples exist, each constructed by hand or discovered by accident. We propose automatically discovering such datasets with surprising side effects (DSSEs). We define three objectives for DSSEs: they should (1) elicit a target behavior, (2) read like ordinary post-training data, and (3) be surprising to human auditors reading the data. We operationalize each with LLM judges, and search for high-scoring datasets via evolution, reinforcement learning, and subliminal learning approaches. After re-scoring and filtering with held-out metrics, our pipeline produces a collection of 6,575 DSSEs across 8 behaviors, many of which generalize across model families and sizes. We find our automated metrics track ML researchers' judgments, and frontier models outperform humans at predicting side effects. These datasets form a testbed for studying generalization and lay the groundwork for predicting training side effects before model deployment. Explore them at https://dsse.transluce.org.

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引用前请核对原文;本文由星际流动整理:https://feed.astralor.com/items/itm_731512acdcc2631c6bb4aeaa